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  3. Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

wb-indicators:GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

World Bank

Publisher
World Bank
Source
World Bank Indicators (wb-indicators)
Status
Active
Formats
JSON
Licence
CC-BY-4.0 — World Bank Terms — CC BY 4.0 (Indicators API) · open
Standard
WB API v2
Dataset id
wb-indicators:GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Last verified
2026-08-16