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Net effective carbon rates

The Effective Carbon Rate (ECR) is the sum of fuel excise taxes, carbon taxes and tradable emission permits. Together, these effectively put a price on carbon emissions. The Net ECR equals the ECR minus fossil fuel subsidies (i.e. budgetary transfers that decrease pre-tax fossil fuel prices).<p>A dataset of the Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation (CPET) database.</p><p>Please cite the database as: OECD (2026), Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation database, <a href="https://www.oecd.org/content/oecd/en/data/datasets/carbon-pricing-and-energy-taxation-database.html">https://www.oecd.org/content/oecd/en/data/datasets/carbon-pricing-and-energy-taxation-database.html</a> (accessed on Day Month Year)</p><p>The database is designed to track developments in energy taxation and carbon pricing across a broad set of countries. It spans 78 countries, covering approximately 70% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use. Carbon pricing instruments, i.e. carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETSs), as well as energy taxes and subsidies, are detailed by country, sector and energy product. The use of a common methodology ensures comparability across countries. Summary indicators facilitate cross-country and cross-sector comparisons, helping policy makers keep track of progress made and identify opportunities for reform.</p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1787/279e049e-en">Net effective carbon rates</a></p>