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Access to services - FUAs

<p align="justify">This dataset provides an indicator of accessibility to essential services in Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). The indicator is defined as the share of the FUA population that lives within a specific walking travel time to at least one pharmacy, primary school, or childcare facility.</p>

<h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p align="justify">The indicator uses: <ul> <li>service location data from national sources;</li> <li>OpenStreetMap (OSM) road network data;</li> <li>the <a href="https://github.com/conveyal/r5">R5 routing engine</a> and its r5py Python wrapper <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7060438">(Fink, C., 2022)</a>; and</li> <li>the Global Human Settlement Layer's population grid for 2020 <a href="https://doi.org/10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE">(Schiavina, M. et al., 2023)</a>.</li> </ul> A detailed description of the methodology and data sources can be found in the <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en/full-report/methodologies_b841d611.html#section-d1e26384-2fdc5c3ec1">annex</a> of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1787/f42db3bf-en">Regions and Cities at a Glance 2024</a>. </p>

<h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p>

<h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href="http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1dc">Access to services - FUAs</a>), <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p>

<h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>