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Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs

<p align="justify">This dataset provides statistics on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) and Cities.</p>

<h3>Data sources and methodology</h3> <p align="justify">GHG emissions at the subnational level are estimated using the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 8.0 developed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre and the Internation Energy Agency (EC JRC/IEA, 2023). EDGAR provides annual sector-specific grid maps for four GHGs (carbon dioxide or CO2, methane or CH4, nitrous oxide or N2O and fluorinated gases or F-gases) at a 0.1° spatial resolution (approximately 11 km). The different sectors covered are: Energy, Industry, Transport, Building, Agriculture, Waste. Emissions from land use and land cover change are not included. In EDGAR, national GHG emissions are disaggregated at subnational level by using subsector-specific geospatial proxies. GHG emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5), i.e. 28 for CH4 and 265 for N2O. EDGAR is used to ensure global comparability, harmonised methods across countries, and complete subnational coverage, which is not always provided in national reporting. </p>

<p align="justify"> These subnational estimates may differ from official subnational statistics. Differences may arise from variations in methodologies, particularly the use of top down spatial downscaling in EDGAR versus bottom up activity based approaches in official inventories, as well as the choice and availability of spatial proxies used to allocate emissions geographically. </p> <br /><br />

<h3>Defining FUAs and cities</h3> <p align="justify">The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-definition-of-cities-and-functional-urban-areas.html">definition of functional urban areas</a> (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns <a href=https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264174108-en>(OECD, 2012)</a>. FUAs consist of: <ol> <li><b>A city</b> – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city.</li> <li><b>A commuting zone</b> – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city.</li> </ol> The delineation process includes: <ul> <li>Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA.</li> <li>Excluding non-contiguous municipalities.</li> </ul> The definition identifies 1 285 FUAs and 1 402 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries.</p>

<h3>Cite this dataset</h3> <p>OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (<a href=http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/1vd>Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs</a>), <a href=http://oe.cd/geostats>http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p>

<h3>Further information</h3> <ul> <li> <a href=https://localdataportal.oecd.org/>OECD Local Data Portal </a> </li> <li> <a href=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-2024_f42db3bf-en.html/>OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance </a> </li> </ul> <p align="justify">For questions and/or comments, please email <a href="mailto:CitiesStat@oecd.org">CitiesStat@oecd.org</a>